In this situation, in a built-up area, are you obliged to refrain from overtaking the preceding vehicle on its right side?

Explanation
Correct answer: No
No. The photo shows a two-way carriageway with two marked lanes in your direction. In a built-up area, this layout permits overtaking on the right under Article 24(10)(2) of the Polish Road Traffic Act. You must still exercise particular caution and meet the other conditions for safe overtaking.