Unofficial translation for learning purposes. Only the Polish text published in Dziennik Ustaw is legally binding — open the Polish original. Source: Act of 20 June 1997 – Prawo o ruchu drogowym (Road Traffic Act), consolidated text published by the Chancellery of the Sejm.
Art. 16.
1. The driver of a vehicle must keep to the right-hand side of the road.
2. The driver of a vehicle using a road with two carriageways is required to drive on the right-hand carriageway; a carriageway intended for access to a property adjoining the road is not counted among those carriageways.
2a. The driver of a category N2 or N3 vehicle, referred to respectively in Art. 4(1)(b) of Regulation 2018/858 or in Annex No. 2 to the Act, or of a combination of vehicles longer than 7 m, on a motorway or an expressway with three or more marked traffic lanes on the carriageway in one direction, is required to use only the two traffic lanes intended for that direction which are closest to the right-hand edge of the carriageway.
3. The driver of a vehicle using a two-way carriageway with at least four traffic lanes is required to occupy a traffic lane situated on the right-hand half of the carriageway.
4. The driver of a vehicle is required to drive as close as possible to the right-hand edge of the carriageway. If traffic lanes are marked on the carriageway, he may not occupy more than one lane.
5. The driver of an animal-drawn vehicle, a bicycle, a cycle trolley (wózek rowerowy), a moped or a hand cart, and a person leading an engine-powered vehicle, are required to move along the shoulder, unless it is unsuitable for driving or the movement of the vehicle would impede pedestrian traffic.
6. The driver of a vehicle situated on the part of the carriageway used by rail vehicles is required to make way for an approaching rail vehicle.
7. At an intersection and immediately before it, a person riding a bicycle, a moped or a motorcycle may travel in the middle of the traffic lane, if that lane makes it possible to leave the intersection in more than one direction, subject to Art. 33(1).
Art. 17.
1. Joining the traffic takes place when starting off after parking or after a stop not resulting from road traffic conditions or regulations, and when entering:
1) a road from a property, from a roadside facility or from an access way to such a facility, from a road that is not a public road, and from a residential zone;
2) a road from a field, or a paved road from an unpaved road;
3) the carriageway from the shoulder, from a footway or from a lane for slow-moving vehicles;
3a) the carriageway or the shoulder from a cycle path or from a shared path for pedestrians and cyclists, except when entering a cycle crossing or a cycle lane;
4) with a rail vehicle - a road from a depot, or the carriageway from a turning loop.
2. The driver of a vehicle joining the traffic is required to exercise particular care and to give way to another vehicle or road user.
Art. 18.
1. The driver of a vehicle approaching a marked bus (trolleybus) stop in a built-up area is required to reduce speed and, if necessary, to stop, in order to allow the driver of the bus (trolleybus) to join the traffic, if the driver of such a vehicle signals with the direction indicator the intention to change lane or to move out of a lay-by onto the carriageway.
2. The driver of the bus (trolleybus) referred to in para. 1 may move into the adjacent traffic lane or onto the carriageway only after making sure that this will not create a hazard to road traffic safety.
Art. 18a.
1. The driver of a vehicle approaching a place where a school bus is standing is required to:
1) stop, if the driver of that bus has given the stop signal;
2) reduce speed and, if necessary, stop, in order to allow the driver of that bus to move onto the carriageway or into the adjacent traffic lane, if he signals the intention to perform such a manoeuvre.
2. The driver of a school bus, in the situation referred to in para. 1, may move into the adjacent traffic lane or onto the carriageway only after making sure that this will not create a hazard to road traffic safety.
Art. 19.
1. The driver of a vehicle is required to drive at a speed that ensures control over the vehicle, taking into account the conditions in which the traffic takes place, and in particular: the relief of the terrain, the condition and visibility of the road, the condition and load of the vehicle, the weather conditions and the traffic intensity.
2. The driver of a vehicle is required to:
1) drive at a speed that does not impede driving for other drivers;
2) brake in a manner that does not create a hazard to traffic safety or impede it;
3) keep the distance necessary to avoid a collision if the preceding vehicle brakes or stops.
3. Outside a built-up area, on two-way carriageways with two traffic lanes, the driver of a vehicle subject to an individual speed limit, or of a vehicle or combination of vehicles longer than 7 m, is required to keep such a distance from the motor vehicle in front of him that other overtaking vehicles can safely enter the gap kept between those vehicles. This provision does not apply if the driver of the vehicle begins to overtake or where overtaking is prohibited.
3a. When travelling on a motorway or an expressway, the driver of a vehicle is required to keep a minimum distance between the vehicle he is driving and the vehicle travelling in front of him in the same traffic lane. That distance, expressed in metres, is set as not less than half of the figure expressing the speed of the vehicle in which the driver is travelling, expressed in kilometres per hour. This provision does not apply during an overtaking manoeuvre.
4. Outside a built-up area, in tunnels longer than 500 m, the driver of a vehicle is required to keep a distance from the preceding vehicle of not less than:
1) 50 m - if he is driving a vehicle with a maximum authorised mass not exceeding 3.5 t or a bus;
2) 80 m - if he is driving a combination of vehicles or a vehicle not listed in point 1.
5. The authority managing traffic on roads may, by means of road signs, reduce or increase the permissible distance referred to in para. 4, depending on the speed limit applicable in the tunnel.
Art. 20.
1. The speed limit for a vehicle or combination of vehicles in a built-up area is 50 km/h, subject to para. 2.
2. The speed limit for a vehicle or combination of vehicles in a residential zone is 20 km/h.
3. The speed limit outside a built-up area, subject to para. 4, is, in the case of:
1) a passenger car, a motorcycle or a lorry with a maximum authorised mass not exceeding 3.5 t:
a) on a motorway - 140 km/h,
b) on a dual-carriageway expressway - 120 km/h,
c) on a single-carriageway expressway and on a road with two carriageways having at least two lanes intended for each direction of traffic - 100 km/h,
d) on other roads - 90 km/h;
2) a combination of vehicles or a vehicle not listed in point 1:
a) on a motorway, an expressway or a road with two carriageways having at least two lanes intended for each direction of traffic - 80 km/h,
b) on other roads - 70 km/h.
4. The speed limit for a bus meeting the additional technical requirements laid down in the provisions referred to in Art. 66(5) is 100 km/h on a motorway and an expressway.
5a. The Council of Ministers may, on a motion of the minister responsible for energy raw materials, by way of a regulation, in the cases referred to in Art. 32(1) of the Act of 16 February 2007 on stocks of crude oil, petroleum products and natural gas and on the rules of conduct in situations of a threat to the fuel security of the State and of disruption on the oil market (Dz. U. z 2023 r. poz. 1650 i 1681 oraz z 2024 r. poz. 834 i 859), introduce restrictions on the permissible speed of automotive vehicles.
6. The speed limit for certain vehicles, subject to para. 2, is:
1) an agricultural tractor (also with a trailer) - 40 km/h;
2) a vehicle with a device projecting forward more than 1.5 m beyond the driver's seat - 30 km/h in a built-up area and 60 km/h outside a built-up area;
3) a motorcycle (also with a trailer), a quadricycle and a moped carrying a child under 7 years of age - 40 km/h;
4) an e-scooter and a personal mobility device - 20 km/h.
Art. 21.
1. The authority managing traffic on roads may, by means of road signs, reduce or increase the speed limit for vehicles applicable in a built-up area.
2. The speed limit referred to in para. 1 may be:
1) reduced - if the traffic safety conditions on the road or on a section of it so warrant;
2) increased - if the traffic conditions on the road or on a section of it ensure that traffic safety is maintained.
3. The authority managing traffic on roads may, by means of road signs, reduce the speed limit for vehicles applicable outside a built-up area, if the traffic safety conditions on the road or on a section of it so warrant.
4. The authority registering a vehicle may set for an individual vehicle a speed limit lower than that laid down in Art. 20, if this is justified by the design or the technical condition of the vehicle. The speed restriction must be shown on a sign placed at the rear of the vehicle.
Art. 22.
1. The driver of a vehicle may change direction or the traffic lane he occupies only while exercising particular care.
2. The driver of a vehicle is required to move closer:
1) to the right-hand edge of the carriageway - if he intends to turn right;
2) to the centre of the carriageway, or on a one-way carriageway to its left-hand edge - if he intends to turn left.
3. Paragraph 2 does not apply if the dimensions of the vehicle make it impossible to turn in accordance with the rule laid down in that provision, or if travel in only one direction is permitted.
4. The driver of a vehicle changing the traffic lane he occupies is required to give way to a vehicle travelling in the lane he intends to enter, except in the cases covered by paras 4a and 4b, and to a vehicle entering that lane from the right.
4a. In conditions of a significant reduction of speed on a carriageway with more than one traffic lane in the same direction of travel, where it is not possible to continue driving in a traffic lane because of an obstacle in that lane or because the lane ends, the driver of a vehicle travelling in the adjacent lane is required, immediately before the place where the obstacle occurs or where the lane ends, to allow one vehicle or one combination of vehicles situated in such a lane to change that lane to the adjacent one in which it is possible to continue driving.
4b. In conditions of a significant reduction of speed on a carriageway with more than two traffic lanes in the same direction of travel, where it is not possible to continue driving in two traffic lanes because of obstacles in those lanes or because they end, if between those lanes there is one traffic lane in which it is possible to continue driving, the driver of a vehicle travelling in that lane is required, immediately before the place where the obstacle occurs or where the lanes end, to allow one vehicle or one combination of vehicles from the right to change lane, and then one vehicle or one combination of vehicles from the left.
5. The driver of a vehicle is required to signal in good time and clearly, with the direction indicator, the intention to change direction or lane, and to stop signalling immediately after completing the manoeuvre.
5a. Where a vehicle is not equipped with direction indicators, the driver of the vehicle is required to signal in good time and clearly the intention to change direction or lane by extending his arm towards the intended change of direction or lane.
6. It is prohibited to make a U-turn:
1) in a tunnel, on a bridge, on a viaduct or on a one-way road;
2) on a motorway;
3) on an expressway, except at an intersection or at a place designated for that purpose;
4) in conditions in which this could endanger traffic safety on the road or impede that traffic.
Art. 23.
1. The driver of a vehicle is required:
1) when passing an oncoming vehicle, to keep a safe distance from the vehicle or road user being passed and, if necessary, to pull over to the right and reduce speed or stop;
2) when passing a stationary obstacle, to keep a safe distance from the vehicle, road user or obstacle being passed and, if necessary, to reduce speed; a vehicle signalling the intention to turn left may be passed only on its right-hand side;
3) when reversing, to give way to another vehicle or road user and to exercise particular care, and in particular:
a) to check whether the manoeuvre being performed will not create a hazard to traffic safety or impede it,
b) to make sure that there is no obstacle behind the vehicle; if it is difficult to make sure of this personally, the driver is required to secure the assistance of another person.
2. It is prohibited to reverse a vehicle in a tunnel, on a bridge, on a viaduct, on a motorway or on an expressway.
Art. 24.
1. Before overtaking, the driver of a vehicle is required to make sure in particular whether:
1) he has adequate visibility and sufficient room to overtake without impeding anyone's movement;
2) the driver travelling behind him has not begun to overtake;
3) the driver travelling in front of him in the same traffic lane has not signalled the intention to overtake another vehicle, to change direction or to change lane.
2. When overtaking, the driver of a vehicle is required to exercise particular care, and especially to keep a safe distance from the vehicle or road user being overtaken. When overtaking a bicycle, a cycle trolley, a moped, a motorcycle, an e-scooter, a personal mobility device, a person using a mobility aid or a column of pedestrians, that distance may not be less than 1 m.
3. When overtaking, the driver of a vehicle is required to pass on the left-hand side of the vehicle being overtaken, subject to paras 4, 5, 10 and 12.
4. A rail vehicle may be overtaken only on the right-hand side, unless the position of the tracks makes such overtaking impossible or the overtaking takes place on a one-way carriageway.
5. A vehicle or road user signalling the intention to turn left may be overtaken only on its right-hand side.
6. The driver of the vehicle being overtaken is prohibited from increasing speed during the overtaking and immediately after it. The driver of a slow-moving vehicle, an agricultural tractor or a vehicle without an engine is required to pull over as far as possible to the right in order to facilitate overtaking. This provision does not apply in the case referred to in para. 12.
7. It is prohibited to overtake a motor vehicle travelling on the carriageway:
1) when approaching the crest of a hill;
2) on a bend marked with warning signs;
3) at an intersection, except a roundabout or an intersection where traffic is directed.
8. Overtaking is permitted in the places referred to in para. 7 points 1 and 2 on a carriageway:
1) that is one-way;
2) that is two-way, on a section with marked traffic lanes, provided that the driver does not enter the part of the carriageway intended for traffic in the opposite direction - at a place where this is prohibited by markings on the carriageway.
9. Overtaking is permitted at the place referred to in para. 7 point 3 of a vehicle signalling the intention to turn, provided that the driver does not enter the part of the carriageway intended for traffic in the opposite direction.
10. Overtaking on the right-hand side is permitted on a section of road with marked traffic lanes, subject to the conditions laid down in paras 1 and 7:
1) on a one-way carriageway;
2) on a two-way carriageway, if at least two traffic lanes in a built-up area or three traffic lanes outside a built-up area are intended for travel in the same direction.
11. It is prohibited to overtake an emergency vehicle in a built-up area.
12. A person riding a bicycle may overtake slow-moving vehicles other than bicycles on their right-hand side.
13. The driver of a category N2 or N3 vehicle, referred to respectively in Art. 4(1)(b) of Regulation 2018/858 or in Annex No. 2 to the Act, is prohibited from overtaking an automotive vehicle on a motorway and an expressway with only two traffic lanes intended for the given direction of traffic, unless that vehicle is travelling at a speed significantly lower than the speed limit for category N2 or N3 vehicles applicable on the road concerned.
14. The prohibition referred to in para. 13 does not apply to overtaking vehicles carrying out cleaning, repair or upgrading work on the road and emitting flashing yellow signals.
Art. 25.
1. The driver of a vehicle approaching an intersection is required to exercise particular care and to give way to a vehicle approaching from the right, and if he is turning left - also to a vehicle coming from the opposite direction straight ahead or turning right.
2. Paragraph 1 does not apply to a rail vehicle, which has right of way over other vehicles, regardless of the side from which it approaches.
3. Paragraphs 1 and 2 also apply where directions of traffic cross outside an intersection.
4. The driver of a vehicle is prohibited from:
1) entering an intersection if there is no room at or beyond the intersection to continue driving;
2) splitting a column of pedestrians.
Art. 26.
1. The driver of a vehicle approaching a pedestrian crossing is required to exercise particular care, to reduce speed so as not to endanger a pedestrian who is on that crossing or is stepping onto it, and to give way to a pedestrian who is on that crossing or is stepping onto it, subject to para. 1a.
1a. The driver of a tram approaching a pedestrian crossing is required to exercise particular care, to reduce speed so as not to endanger a pedestrian who is on that crossing, and to give way to a pedestrian who is on that crossing.
2. The driver of a vehicle who turns into a side road is required to give way to a pedestrian crossing, at the intersection, the carriageway of the road he is entering.
3. The driver of a vehicle is prohibited from:
1) overtaking a vehicle on a pedestrian crossing and immediately before it, except at a crossing where traffic is directed;
2) passing a vehicle that was travelling in the same direction but stopped in order to give way to a pedestrian;
3) driving lengthwise along a footway or a pedestrian crossing, subject to Art. 33(6), Art. 33a(2) and Art. 33b(2).
4. The driver of a vehicle crossing a footway or a shared path for pedestrians and cyclists is required to drive slowly and to give way to pedestrians.
5. Paragraph 4 applies accordingly when driving across a square on which, because the carriageway and the footways or shared paths for pedestrians and cyclists are not separated, pedestrian and vehicle traffic takes place on the same surface.
6. The driver of a vehicle is required to exercise particular care when driving past a marked tram stop that is not situated next to a footway or a shared path for pedestrians and cyclists. If the stop is not equipped with a passenger island and a tram is entering the stop or is standing at it, the driver is required to stop the vehicle at such a place and for such a time as to allow pedestrians free access to the tram or to the footway or the shared path for pedestrians and cyclists. These provisions apply accordingly to the movement of other public transport vehicles.
7. Where a disabled person using a special sign, or a person with visibly limited mobility, is crossing the carriageway, the driver is required to stop the vehicle in order to allow that person to cross.
Art. 27.
1. The driver of a vehicle approaching a cycle crossing is required to exercise particular care and to give way to a person riding a bicycle, an e-scooter or a personal mobility device and to a person using a mobility aid who are on the crossing.
1a. The driver of a vehicle who turns into a side road is required to exercise particular care and to give way to a person riding a bicycle, an e-scooter or a personal mobility device and to a person using a mobility aid, travelling straight ahead on the carriageway, a cycle lane, a shared path for pedestrians and cyclists, a cycle path or another part of the road which he intends to leave.
3. The driver of a vehicle crossing a shared path for pedestrians and cyclists or a cycle path is required to give way to a person riding a bicycle, an e-scooter or a personal mobility device and to a person using a mobility aid.
4. The driver of a vehicle is prohibited from overtaking a vehicle on a cycle crossing and immediately before it, except at a crossing where traffic is directed.
Art. 28.
1. The driver of a vehicle approaching a level crossing and driving across it is required to exercise particular care. Before entering the tracks he is required to make sure that no rail vehicle is approaching and to take appropriate precautions, especially if, because of fog or for other reasons, air transparency is reduced.
2. The driver is required to drive the vehicle at such a speed that he can stop it at a safe place when a rail vehicle is approaching or when a protective device or a signal given prohibits entry onto the crossing.
3. The driver of a vehicle is prohibited from:
1) driving round lowered barriers or half-barriers and entering the crossing if their lowering has begun or their raising has not been completed;
2) entering the crossing if there is no room on the other side of the crossing to continue driving;
3) overtaking a vehicle at a level crossing and immediately before it;
4) passing a vehicle waiting for traffic across the crossing to be opened, if this would require entering the part of the carriageway intended for the opposite direction of traffic.
4. If a vehicle becomes immobilised at a level crossing, the driver is required to remove it from the crossing without delay and, if this is not possible, to warn the driver of the rail vehicle of the danger.
5. The driver of a vehicle or combination of vehicles longer than 10 m which cannot reach a speed greater than 6 km/h is required, before entering a level crossing, to make sure that no rail vehicle will arrive within the time needed to drive across that crossing, or to agree the time of that crossing with the railway crossing keeper.
6. Paragraphs 1-4 apply accordingly when driving across tram tracks; para. 3 point 3 does not apply to an intersection or a tram crossing where traffic is directed.
Art. 29.
1. The driver of a vehicle may use an audible or a light signal where it is necessary to warn of danger.
1) to misuse an audible or a light signal;
2) to use an audible signal in a built-up area, unless this is necessary because of immediate danger;
3) to give warning with main-beam headlights in conditions in which this may dazzle other drivers.
Art. 30.
1. The driver of a vehicle is required to exercise particular care when driving in conditions of reduced air transparency caused by fog, precipitation or other reasons, and in addition:
1) the driver of a motor vehicle is required:
a) to switch on the dipped-beam headlights or the front fog lights, or both of these lights at the same time,
b) outside a built-up area, during fog, to give short audible signals when overtaking or when passing an obstacle;
2) the driver of a vehicle other than the vehicle referred to in point 1 is required:
a) to switch on the lights with which the vehicle is equipped,
b) to use the shoulder of the road and, if this is not possible, to drive as close as possible to the edge of the carriageway and not to overtake another vehicle.
2. The obligation to use lights referred to in para. 1 also applies to the driver of a vehicle during a stop resulting from road traffic conditions or regulations.
3. The driver of a vehicle may use the rear fog lights if reduced air transparency limits visibility to a distance of less than 50 m. When visibility improves, the driver of the vehicle is required to switch those lights off without delay.
Art. 31.
1. A driver may tow a motor vehicle only on condition that:
1) the speed of the towing vehicle does not exceed 30 km/h in a built-up area and 60 km/h outside that area;
2) the towing vehicle has its dipped-beam headlights switched on, also in periods of adequate visibility;
3) there is in the towed vehicle a driver holding the entitlement to drive that vehicle, unless the vehicle is towed in a manner that rules out the need to steer it;
4) the towed vehicle is connected to the towing vehicle in a manner that rules out detachment while driving; this does not apply to the towing of a motorcycle, which should be connected to the towing vehicle by a flexible connection in a manner allowing easy detachment;
5) the towed vehicle, except a motorcycle, is marked at the rear on the left-hand side with a reflective warning triangle and, in periods of inadequate visibility, additionally has its position lights switched on; instead of being marked with a reflective triangle, the towed vehicle may emit flashing yellow signals in a manner visible to other road users;
6) at least one braking system is in working order in a vehicle towed on a rigid connection, and two systems in a vehicle towed on a flexible connection;
7) the distance between the vehicles is not more than 3 m with a rigid connection, and from 4 m to 6 m with a flexible connection, the connection being marked with alternating white and red stripes or provided with a yellow or red flag; this provision does not apply to the towing of vehicles of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland.
1) a vehicle with a defective steering system or with defective brakes, unless the method of towing rules out the need to use them;
2) a vehicle by means of a flexible connection, if in that vehicle the operation of the braking system depends on the engine running and the engine is immobilised;
3) more than one vehicle, except an articulated vehicle;
4) with a vehicle with a trailer (semi-trailer);
5) on a motorway, except towing by vehicles intended for towing to the nearest exit or service area.
3. Where a vehicle is towed in a manner that rules out the need to steer it or to use its brakes, the actual gross mass of the towed vehicle may not exceed the actual gross mass of the towing vehicle.
Art. 32.
1. The number of vehicles travelling in an organised column may not exceed:
1) passenger cars, mopeds or motorcycles - 10;
2) bicycles, cycle trolleys or e-scooters - 15;
3) other vehicles - 5.
2. The distance between columns travelling on the road may not be less than 500 m for columns of automotive vehicles and 200 m for columns of other vehicles.
4. Travelling in a column does not release the driver of a vehicle from complying with the road traffic regulations in force.
5. Paragraphs 1 and 2 do not apply to emergency vehicles or to vehicles of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland.
6. It is prohibited to drive in between bicycles, cycle trolleys or e-scooters travelling in a column and the vehicles referred to in para. 5.
6a. The passage of a column of vehicles of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland comprising more than 10 vehicles is permitted on condition that a military road movement permit, issued by the competent military authority, is obtained.
Section 11 Additional provisions on the movement of bicycles, e-scooters, personal mobility devices, mopeds and animal-drawn vehicles
Art. 33.
1. A person riding a bicycle or an e-scooter is required to use the cycle path, the shared path for pedestrians and cyclists or the cycle lane, if they are designated for the direction in which he is travelling or intends to turn. A person riding a bicycle or an e-scooter who uses a shared path for pedestrians and cyclists is required to exercise particular care and to give way to pedestrians.
1a. A person riding a bicycle or an e-scooter may stop in a cycle box alongside other riders of such vehicles. He is required to leave it once it becomes possible to continue travelling in the intended direction and to take his place on the carriageway in accordance with Art. 33(1) or Art. 16(4) and (5) respectively.
1b. A person riding a bicycle, a bicycle with the propulsion referred to in Art. 4(2)(a)(i) of Regulation 168/2013, an e-scooter or a personal mobility device who is under 16 years of age is required to wear, while riding, a protective helmet meeting the relevant technical requirements.
2. A child under 7 years of age may be carried on a bicycle or on a bicycle with the propulsion referred to in Art. 4(2)(a)(i) of Regulation 168/2013, provided that it wears, while riding, a protective helmet meeting the relevant technical requirements and is placed on an additional saddle ensuring safe riding or in a bicycle seat meeting the relevant technical requirements, or is carried in the manner referred to in Art. 63(3)(4).
2a. The obligation to wear a protective helmet referred to in para. 2 does not apply where the child is carried:
1) on a bicycle in a safety seat referred to in Art. 39(3), or on a bicycle intended for carrying persons and factory-fitted with safety belts, the design of which makes it impossible to wear a helmet;
2) in the manner referred to in Art. 63(3)(4) and uses the safety belts with which a trailer structurally adapted for carrying persons and towed by a bicycle is factory-fitted.
2b. Carrying a child under 7 years of age in a cycle trolley is permitted provided that it wears, while riding, a protective helmet meeting the relevant technical requirements. This obligation does not apply where the child is carried:
1) in a cycle trolley in a safety seat referred to in Art. 39(3);
2) uses the safety belts with which the cycle trolley is factory-fitted, if the design of the trolley makes it impossible to wear a helmet.
2c. Carrying a child under 7 years of age in a cycle trolley in the manner referred to in Art. 63(3)(4) does not require the use of a protective helmet where the child uses the safety belts with which a trailer structurally adapted for carrying persons and towed by the cycle trolley is factory-fitted.
2d. It is prohibited to carry a child in the manner referred to in Art. 63(3)(4) on a bicycle with the propulsion referred to in Art. 4(2)(a)(i) of Regulation 168/2013, and in a cycle trolley, if that bicycle or cycle trolley is equipped with a combustion engine.
3. A person riding a bicycle, an e-scooter or a moped is prohibited from:
1) riding on the carriageway alongside another road user, subject to para. 3a;
2) riding without keeping at least one hand on the handlebars and the feet on the pedals or footrests;
3) holding on to vehicles.
3a. Exceptionally, a person riding a bicycle is permitted to ride on the carriageway alongside another bicycle or a moped, if this does not impede the movement of other road users or otherwise endanger road traffic safety.
5. The use of a footway by a person riding a bicycle is permitted exceptionally, where:
1) he is looking after a person under 10 years of age who is riding a bicycle;
2) the width of the pavement along a road on which vehicles are allowed to travel at more than 50 km/h is at least 2 m and there is no cycle path, shared path for pedestrians and cyclists or cycle lane;
3) the weather conditions endanger the cyclist's safety on the carriageway (snow, strong wind, downpour, black ice, dense fog), subject to para. 6.
6. A person riding a bicycle who uses a footway is required to ride at a speed close to that of a pedestrian, to exercise particular care, to give way to pedestrians and not to impede their movement.
7. A person riding a bicycle may ride on the left-hand side of the carriageway under the rules laid down for pedestrian traffic in Art. 11(1)-(3), if he is looking after a person under 10 years of age who is riding a bicycle.
Art. 33a.
1. A person riding an e-scooter is required to use the carriageway on which vehicles are allowed to travel at not more than 30 km/h, where there is no cycle path, shared path for pedestrians and cyclists or cycle lane.
2. The use of a footway by a person riding an e-scooter is permitted exceptionally, where the footway is situated along a carriageway on which vehicles are allowed to travel at more than 30 km/h and there is no cycle path, shared path for pedestrians and cyclists or cycle lane.
3. A person riding an e-scooter is prohibited from:
1) pulling or towing another vehicle;
2) carrying another person, an animal or a load;
3) riding on the carriageway, except when using:
a) a cycle lane,
b) a cycle crossing,
c) a carriageway on which vehicles are allowed to travel at not more than 30 km/h, where there is no cycle path, shared path for pedestrians and cyclists or cycle lane.
Art. 33b.
1. A person riding a personal mobility device is required to use the cycle path or the shared path for pedestrians and cyclists, if it is designated for the direction in which he is travelling or intends to turn. A person riding a personal mobility device who uses a shared path for pedestrians and cyclists is required to exercise particular care and to give way to pedestrians.
2. The use of a footway by a person riding a personal mobility device is permitted exceptionally, where there is no cycle path or shared path for pedestrians and cyclists.
3. A person riding a personal mobility device is prohibited from:
1) pulling or towing another vehicle;
2) carrying another person, an animal or a load;
3) holding on to vehicles;
4) riding on the carriageway, except when using a cycle crossing.
Art. 33c.
A person riding an e-scooter or a personal mobility device who uses a footway is required to ride at a speed close to that of a pedestrian, to exercise particular care, to give way to pedestrians and not to impede their movement.
Art. 33d.
1. It is prohibited to allow a child under 13 years of age to ride an e-scooter or a personal mobility device on a road.
2. In a residential zone, a child under 13 years of age is permitted to ride an e-scooter or a personal mobility device only under the supervision of an adult.
Art. 34.
1. Only an animal that is not easily startled, is sufficiently physically fit and is manageable may be used in a harness team.
2. The driver of an animal-drawn vehicle is required to keep the vehicle and the team in such a condition that he can control them.
3. No more than 5 animal-drawn vehicles may travel directly one behind another. The distance between the fifth vehicle and the next one may not be less than 200 m.
4. When entering a paved road at a place where there is insufficient visibility of the road, the driver of an animal-drawn vehicle is required to lead the animal by the bridle.
5. The driver of an animal-drawn vehicle is prohibited from:
1) overloading the animal;
2) travelling alongside another road user on the carriageway;
3) leaving the vehicle unsecured against moving off;
4) travelling in a vehicle on runners without bells or rattles.